The Physics Section of the Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences houses one of the most valuable and richest historical collections of scientific physics instruments in the University of Siena. There are about 400 apparatuses, instruments and models in perfect condition, most of which date back to the nineteenth century. They bear witness to the history and evolution of the discipline, from its teaching in the curriculum from the origins of the Faculty of Medicine to the more recent Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences. The collection includes a perpetual electric pendulum by Zamboni, a horizontal microscope, an optometer and a polarising microscope by Giovanni Battista Amici, spectrometers, polarimeters, compasses, octants, telescopes, galvanometers, X-ray tubes and much more.