The Museo Astronomico e Copernicano dell'INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma can boast a vast patrimony spanning a historical period from the 16th century to the present day. The ancient books, archives, original documents, instruments and observation registers come mainly from the two main Roman astronomical observatories of the 19th century, the Specola del Collegio Romano and the Specola del Campidoglio, as well as more recent material resulting from the activities carried out by the Rome Observatory in the 20th century at the Monte Mario site. In addition, there is a collection of Copernican works and memorabilia collected by the Polish historian Arturo Wolynski on the occasion of the celebrations of Nicolaus Copernicus on the 400th anniversary of his birth held in Rome in 1873.